For example, modernisation theory sees ldcs as backward societies that need our help to develop, whilst dependency theory sees us as exploiting them for cheap labour and raw materials. Compare and contrast modernization theory and dependency theory. Society for comparative studies in society and history. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that. Conversations on dependency theory institute for new economic. At the same time, the development of different countries has multiple theoretical explanations. Some reflections on the dependency theory michigan state. Modernization theory and early dependency theory modernization and dependency theories are some of the theories developed in an attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the inequalities between underdeveloped and developed countries. These are the principal theoretical explanations to interpret. There are two levels of analysis in classical modernization theory. Dependency theorists, or dependentistas, are a group of thinkers in the neomarxist tradition mostly from latin america, who coined the term dependency development in the late 1960s and the 1970s as a critique to inefficient modernization theories that failed to account for rampant poverty and lack of. One of these competing theoretical perspectives is dependency theory, which emerged in the 1950s in response to modernization theory matunhu 2011, p. Modernization theory suggests that development in the third world will proceed as modern values, skills, and institutions spread diffuse from the modern sectors to the traditional sectors. Compare and contrast modernization theory and depend.
A common term used in the news and social media today is the developing world. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in. This is attributed to the fact that they both argue from the same point of development and that development of a nation can only be reached at by ensuring the. Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Globalization and the dependency theory essay example. Dynamic dependency theory recognize the problems of dependency, but argue that domestic resources and policy decisions can still have a significant impact on how an underdeveloped country fares. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. In contemporary latin american social and political thought. Theories about development and modernization essay. Dependency theorists and their view that development in. Dependency theory is a kind of developmental theory, which is a major critique of modernisation theory. In capitalism and underdevelopment in latin america historical. Modernization and its discontents 1 the crisis in modernization theory 5 towards a sociology of knowledge 11 2. Modernization theory studies the process of social evolution and the development of.
This article provides information about the critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency theory of development. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Postwarboom ushegemony growththeory, modernization structural functionalism decolonization thirdworld neomarxism dependency nationalism, nam,g77 1980s globalization neoliberalism, structuraladjustment financeand monetarism corporatecapital 1990s riseofasia,big capabilities, humandevelopment emerging developmental economies,bric state. Pl 260 theories of development second semester 20072008 modernization and dependency theories 1. Modernization and postmodernization kellogg institute. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the world system.
In order to make this definition more precise, the following attributes, proposed by the fund for peace, are. Modernization theory is a grand theory encompassing many different disciplines as it seeks to explain how society progresses, what variables affect that progress, and how societies can react to that progress. Critique of modernisation theories based on the dependency. In contrast, 42% of package applications have overruns greater than 50%.
This term is used to indicate countries that are less economically developed than the united. Modernization and dependency theory flashcards quizlet. Modernization theory is also a development theory that emerged before the dependency theory. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in. A failed state is a state perceived as having failed at some of the basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government. The dependency theory is an important tool for understanding latin americas relative underdevelopment. Modernization and dependency theory pl 260 theories. In international political economy, there are competing theoretical perspectives regarding the question of global inequalities and the northsouth divide. Modernization theory is a theory used to explain the process of modernization that a nation goes through as it transitions from a traditional society to a modern one. Yet this theory is hardly known, though it is extremely interesting and sometimes contradicts the.
Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is. In comparison to modernization, 62% of the new development and 58% of package applications had a cost overrun of 50% or less. This involves diffusion from the advanced nations to cities in this. Stated another way, marxist theories explain the reasons why imperialism occurs, while dependency theories explain the consequences of imperialism. Modernization theory describes the transformative processes of societies from underdevelopment to modern societies.
A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and freemarket ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west. The endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Includes bibliographical references pages 5145 and index rereading modernization and dependency theory tradition and gender in modernization theory from modernization theory to the soft state in africa gender and the world bank. Not surprisingly, this theorys views sharply challenge modernization theorys assumptions packenham, 1992. Modernization theory focuses specifically on a type of modernization thought to. Fostercarter argues that this disguises the similarities that exist between ldcs and the west. Modernization theories backwardness theories according to modernization theories, internal factors in the countries, such as illiteracy, traditional agrarian structure, the traditional attitude of the population, the low division of labour, the lack of communication and infrastructure, etc.
Capitalist development of underdevelopment in chile. Dependency theory has been criticised because it overemphasised the barriers for development in developing countries. Many scholars, often people of color and those from nonwestern nations, pointed out over the years that modernization theory fails to account for the way western reliance on colonization, slave labor, and theft of land and resources provided the wealth and material resources necessary for the pace and scale of development in the west see postcolonial theory for extensive discussions of this. Modernization theory and the culture of dependency among third world democracies modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies.
Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning. In this regard, it is possible to distinguish the modernization and dependency theories. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. Andres gunderfrank fernando henrique cardoso raul prebisch. Dominance, dependence and modernisation, with specific reference to. In this sense, the dependency theory can be viewed as a reaction to modernization theory. Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your personal and scholarly. Its analysis is based on how countries and societies develop from primitive to modern passing through certain stages, turning its attention towards economic development. The structural explanation for global stratification is called dependency theory. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. A native of germany, he holds a doctor of law degree from the university of munich and a ph. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were.
Economic theory, democracy, and the progressive church the overriding difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that where modernization theory contends that there are universal practices that result in economic success, dependency theory states that poor countries are subordinated by wealthier ones in order to maintain. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a. It combines elements from a neomarxist theory and adopts a revolution of under developed nations model. The dominant modernization paradigm that saw development in terms of economic growth came into being to primarily give. The marxist theory of imperialism explains dominant state expansion while the dependency theory explains underdevelopment. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in africa essay. Structuralism and dependency theory prebisch, raul.
The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the. This paper will discuss the modernization and dependency theories and how they have been modified in the course of time. Modernization theory and the comparative study of societies. If they just apply the laws of modernization, the tenets of modernization, they will take off in the economic society. Modernization and dependency theory a clear and advanced look at the two theories leaves one with the assumption that they are related and therefore they can be discussed together. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory. However, it is necessary to underline that modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of dependency theory argue that such cooperation and. Modernization and dependency theory essay writing blog. Dependency theory a new group of theorists challenged the logic and claims of modernization theory, drawing especially on the experience of latin america. In analysing the assets of the modernisation theories, it should be understood that this school of thought emerged in the early years of the 1950s, and began to disappear in the 1970s when belief in it started to wane. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one gen. Which do you think is more useful for explaining global inequality. Dependency theory is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former.